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espec:man-hosts [2008/06/11 15:53] (atual) maziero created |
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+ | <code> | ||
+ | HOSTS(5) Linux Programmer's Manual HOSTS(5) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | NAME | ||
+ | hosts - The static table lookup for host names | ||
+ | |||
+ | SYNOPSIS | ||
+ | /etc/hosts | ||
+ | |||
+ | DESCRIPTION | ||
+ | This manual page describes the format of the __________ file. This | ||
+ | file is a simple text file that associates IP addresses with hostnames, | ||
+ | one line per IP address. For each host a single line should be present | ||
+ | with the following information: | ||
+ | |||
+ | IP_address canonical_hostname [aliases...] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Fields of the entry are separated by any number of blanks and/or tab | ||
+ | characters. Text from a "#" character until the end of the line is a | ||
+ | comment, and is ignored. Host names may contain only alphanumeric | ||
+ | characters, minus signs ("-"), and periods ("."). They must begin with | ||
+ | an alphabetic character and end with an alphanumeric character. | ||
+ | Optional aliases provide for name changes, alternate spellings, shorter | ||
+ | hostnames, or generic hostnames (for example, _________). | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) Server implements the Internet | ||
+ | name server for UNIX systems. It augments or replaces the __________ | ||
+ | file or host name lookup, and frees a host from relying on __________ | ||
+ | being up to date and complete. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In modern systems, even though the host table has been superseded by | ||
+ | DNS, it is still widely used for: | ||
+ | |||
+ | bootstrapping | ||
+ | Most systems have a small host table containing the name and | ||
+ | address information for important hosts on the local network. | ||
+ | This is useful when DNS is not running, for example during sys- | ||
+ | tem bootup. | ||
+ | |||
+ | NIS Sites that use NIS use the host table as input to the NIS host | ||
+ | database. Even though NIS can be used with DNS, most NIS sites | ||
+ | still use the host table with an entry for all local hosts as a | ||
+ | backup. | ||
+ | |||
+ | isolated nodes | ||
+ | Very small sites that are isolated from the network use the host | ||
+ | table instead of DNS. If the local information rarely changes, | ||
+ | and the network is not connected to the Internet, DNS offers | ||
+ | little advantage. | ||
+ | |||
+ | FILES | ||
+ | __________ | ||
+ | |||
+ | NOTES | ||
+ | Modifications to this file normally take effect immediately, except in | ||
+ | cases where the file is cached by applications. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Historical Notes | ||
+ | RFC 952 gave the original format for the host table, though it has | ||
+ | since changed. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Before the advent of DNS, the host table was the only way of resolving | ||
+ | hostnames on the fledgling Internet. Indeed, this file could be cre- | ||
+ | ated from the official host data base maintained at the Network Infor- | ||
+ | mation Control Center (NIC), though local changes were often required | ||
+ | to bring it up to date regarding unofficial aliases and/or unknown | ||
+ | hosts. The NIC no longer maintains the hosts.txt files, though looking | ||
+ | around at the time of writing (circa 2000), there are historical | ||
+ | hosts.txt files on the WWW. I just found three, from 92, 94, and 95. | ||
+ | |||
+ | EXAMPLE | ||
+ | 127.0.0.1 localhost | ||
+ | 192.168.1.10 foo.mydomain.org foo | ||
+ | 192.168.1.13 bar.mydomain.org bar | ||
+ | 146.82.138.7 master.debian.org master | ||
+ | 209.237.226.90 www.opensource.org | ||
+ | |||
+ | SEE ALSO | ||
+ | hostname(1), resolver(3), resolver(5), hostname(7), named(8), Internet | ||
+ | RFC 952 | ||
+ | |||
+ | COLOPHON | ||
+ | This page is part of release 2.77 of the Linux _________ project. A | ||
+ | description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can | ||
+ | be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Linux 2002-06-16 HOSTS(5) | ||
+ | </code> |